Non Conventional Machine Free Essays

Module 9 Non-conventional machining Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur Lesson 36 Ultrasonic Machining (USM) Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur Instructional Objectives i. ii. iii. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Conventional Machine or any similar topic only for you Order Now iv. Describe the basic mechanism of material removal in USM Identify the process parameters of USM Identify the machining characteristics of USM Analyse the effect of process parameters on material removal rate (MRR) v. Develop mathematical model relating MRR with USM parameters vi. Draw variation in MRR with different process parameters vii. Identify major components of USM equipment viii. State the working principle of USM equipment ix. Draw schematically the USM equipment x. List three applications of USM xi. List three limitations of USM 1. Introduction Ultrasonic machining is a non-traditional machining process. USM is grouped under the mechanical group NTM processes. Fig. 9. 2. 1 briefly depicts the USM process. Force, F Slurry of abrasive and water Horn Vibration frequency f ~ 19 – 25 kHz Amplitude, a ~ 10 – 50 ? m Tool Work Fig. 9. 2. 1 The USM process In ultrasonic machining, a tool of desired shape vibrates at an ultrasonic frequency (19 ~ 25 kHz) with an amplitude of around 15 – 50 ? over the workpiece. Generally the tool is pressed downward with a feed force, F. Between the tool and workpiece, the machining zone is flooded with hard abrasive particles generally in the form of a water based slurry. As the tool vibrates over the workpiece, the abrasive particles act as the indenters and indent both the work material and the tool. The abrasive particles, as they indent, the work material, would remove the same, particularly if the work material is brittle, due to crack initiation, propagation and brittle fracture of the Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur aterial. Hence, USM is mainly used for machining brittle materials {which are poor conductors of electricity and thus cannot be processed by Electrochemical and Electro-discharge machining (ECM and ED)}. 2. Mechanisms of Material Removal in USM and its modelling As has been mentioned earlier, USM is generally used for machining brittle work material. Material removal primarily occurs due to the indentation of the hard abrasive grits on the brittle work material. As the tool vibrates, it leads to indentation of the abrasive grits. During indentation, due to Hertzian contact stresses, cracks would develop just below the contact site, then as indentation progresses the cracks would propagate due to increase in stress and ultimately lead to brittle fracture of the work material under each individual interaction site between the abrasive grits and the workpiece. The tool material should be such that indentation by the abrasive grits does not lead to brittle failure. Thus the tools are made of tough, strong and ductile materials like steel, stainless steel and other ductile metallic alloys. Other than this brittle failure of the work material due to indentation some material removal may occur due to free flowing impact of the abrasives against the work material and related solid-solid impact erosion, but it is estimated to be rather insignificant. Thus, in the current model, material removal would be assumed to take place only due to impact of abrasives between tool and workpiece, followed by indentation and brittle fracture of the workpiece. The model does consider the deformation of the tool. In the current model, all the abrasives are considered to be identical in shape and size. An abrasive particle is considered to be spherical but with local spherical bulges as shown in Fig. 9. 2. 2. The abrasive particles are characterised by the average grit diameter, dg. It is further assumed that the local spherical bulges have a uniform diameter, db and which is related to the grit diameter by db = ? dg2. Thus an abrasive is characterised by ? and dg. db db db db dg Fig. 9. 2. 2 Schematic representation of abrasive grit Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur During indentation by the abrasive grit onto the workpiece and the tool, the local spherical bulges contact the surfaces and the indentation process is characterised by db rather than by dg. Fig. 9. 2. 3 shows the interaction between the abrasive grit and the workpiece and tool. Tool db abrasive grit db Work A B db 2x C D ?w Hemispherical material removed due to brittle Fig. 9. 2. 3 Interaction between grit and workpiece and tool As the indentation proceeds, the contact zone between the abrasive grit and workpiece is established and the same grows. The contact zone is circular in nature and is characterised by its diameter ‘2x’. At full indentation, the indentation depth in the work material is characterised by ? w. Due to the indentation, as the work material is brittle, brittle fracture takes place leading to hemi-spherical fracture of diameter ‘2x’ under the contact zone. Therefore material removal per abrasive grit is given as 2 ? w = ? x 3 3 Now from Fig. 9. 2. 3 AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 ? db ? ?d ? ? ? = ? b ? ? w ? + x2 ? 2 ? ? 2 ? 2 x = db? w neglecting ? w2 as ? w How to cite Non Conventional Machine, Papers

Herbert Mullin Criminal Profile free essay sample

Mullin Herbert Mullin was born in Salina California which happens to be the anniversary of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake as well as Einstein’s death. He was the youngest between him and his sibling, Patricia. He was raised by both parents Jean and Bill Mullin. He didn’t have any problems in school he was popular and physically attractive. He had a good childhood but through his life span he made a lot of wrong decisions that includes drug abuse which aggravated schizophrenia. In high school he had a lot of friends and was quite popular. He played football and had a steady relationship and was voted most likely to succeed. At the age of eighteen he attended Cabrillo College to study engineering. In the summer of 1967 he graduated with a two year degree in road engineering and enrolled at San Jose State College change his major to philosophy and took on the hippie lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Herbert Mullin Criminal Profile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the age of twenty-one In June 1965 people began to think that his sanity was deteriorating due to the fact that he built a shrine in his bedroom to Dean, his friend that was killed in a car accident the summer after graduation. At the age of nineteen he first experienced LSD which lead him to experimenting more with marijuana and LSD. At the age of twenty one he was arrested for possession of marijuana. At the age of 21 at a family dinner he started showing signs of schizophrenia which was aggravated by drug abuse. At the age of twenty two Herbert Mullin began treatment as a resident of the community drug abuse prevention center in Santa Cruz. Later that year Herbert Mullin was committed to the psychiatric ward of San Luis Obispo County General Hospital because with is mental disorder he was a danger to others, himself and gravely disabled. A month later he was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic. He was not one that cared to take his medication. In the summer of 1970 he was diagnosed as a schizo-affective schizophrenia. In 1970 he began blaming his parents for his illness and in result took them out of his will. Herbert killed people believing that if he started to kill people it will lessen the chances of another hurricane happening in his area. He did this by only killing random Caucasians from the age of 4 to 72. He bought his materials to the crime scene such as a gun, knife, and baseball bat. He was a psychotic visionary. Mullin had no developmental problems according to Erikson. He went through all the stages where he experience love and finding out what personality he wants to embrace. This is the point and time when he realizes that he is a bisexual. The motivation behind it seems to be the fact that he was born the day that Albert Einstein died and the anniversary of San Francisco Earthquake. Freud would have said that he is anticathexis because he gives off the sense that his ego is blocking the socially unacceptable needs of id. Mullin for example when he found out that his target moved he went after him and killed him as planned. Afterwards he couldn’t resist the urge to go back and kill the messenger who could have been a witness in the killing incident that happened before her and her family. Bibliography * Watts, Vernetta. Californian Guilty in 10 Murder Cases. (1973, August 20). New York Times, P. 10. Mullin, Herbert. N. P. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. * Santa Cruz Serial Killer, Herbert Mullin, Denied Parole Central Coast News KION/KCBA. Santa Cruz Serial Killer, Herbert Mullin, Denied Parole Central Coast News KION/KCBA. 13 May 2013 * Freudian  Theory. About. com Psychology. N. P. , n. d. Web. 16 May 2013.

The !Kung Bushman Essays - San People, , Term Papers

The !Kung Bushman Most contemporary foraging groups, such as the !Kung and other Bushman tribes, are viewed as a ?primitive? people. Some have even gone as far to say that they are ?the last representatives of the stone age.? While it is true that these people have the most similar culture to what we believe primitive persons to have had, the analogies they can provide us with the people of the past are very inaccurate. These comparisons are so unrivaled due to factors such as time and the wrong sense of view many people have on them. Another reason that we cannot compare the !Kung of today to the people of the past is because they are now advancing in society with the use of technology. I believe that the !Kung tribe is not comparable to the early people of their culture and that they are just the same as us minus our technology, which in no way makes them ?primitive' people. First of all, every culture varies in traditions over time. According to Shostak, it is true that the !Kung people still have traditions that have been passed down for hundreds of generations such as their poison arrows, their trance ritual, their wide knowledge of over five hundred species of plants and animals?knowing which are edible, harmful, cosmetic, and medical. Who are we to say that these traditions have not been altered in the past ten thousand years? Howell declares that the !Kung were a very studied group including their language, culture, and economic organization. Although they have been extensively studied, Howell also proclaims, ?It is surely illegitimate to use them as though they are the prototypical hunter-gatherers, knowledge of whom tells us all we need to know in order to apply the ethnographic analogy to models of prehistoric life.? Wild, maniac, unsophisticated, uneducated, vulgar?these are all words that come to mind when I think of prehistoric or primitive. Obviously the !Kung tribe have grown with the rest of society. How are we to say what the differences of prehistoric life was to the modern day !Kung tribes? Human error would play a huge role in our ?assumptions? of the !Kung. For example, we might turn around to be just as wrong as the article of the Nacirema. Obviously, there is already a misconception about the bushman. For example, in McNeil's essay, he comments on how a woman was speaking to a bushman and demanded to see one. When he explained to her that he was indeed a bushman she said, ?No, a wild bushman, with a tail.? Lee states that the bushman represent ?the basic human adaptation stripped of the accretions and complications brought about by agriculture, urbanization, advanced technology, and national and class conflict?all of the ?advances' of the last few thousand years.? Lee is being very e thnocentric in this statement. He is basing our technology on the !Kung lifestyle. Webster Dictionary states technology as ?a manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical processes, methods, or knowledge.? According to this definition, the !Kung have a very advanced technology. They have proven that they can accomplish tasks using very precise processes, methods, and vast knowledge. It is not ?our' technology, but they have proved that they do not need ours to survive. It is their own form of living, which makes them a unique, separate culture. This in no way makes them animal like, wild, or undomesticated. In fact, the bushman have developed techniques that are obviously creditable due to the fact that they survived this way for so long. In addition, they have the same kinship-if not stronger-than our own. They can handle disputes without a leader and are very fond of working together as a team. In this aspect, they don't need our methods of living. Our methods though, is exactly what the !Kung are getting involved in. According to Howell, most bushman are settled on ?settlement stations? with European farmers and cattlemen. They also speak several languages, use store bought clothing, food, electronics, and inoculations. They attend school and experience taxes, jail, even subordination. This ?arrival? to what we consider the modern world is completely changing the culture of the !Kung, and at the same time one more reason

All About Bodies Body Transformation †Contest Essay

All About Bodies Body Transformation – Contest Essay Free Online Research Papers All About Bodies Body Transformation Contest Essay I made a choice to become healthy. That’s what it was, a conscious choice. I had gained almost 50 pounds since graduating from college in 1993. My activity level was nowhere near what it was back then. Family life, including a wife and three kids, conspired against me. I rarely played sports or exercised, and ate the easily cooked, heavily processed foods that seem to be a cornerstone of the modern American diet. I gained weight, and my fitness level plummeted. I had no energy and was starting to feel the aches and pains of â€Å"growing old†. Then I decided to change my lifestyle and see if healthy living would make a difference in my life. All I needed was some motivation and some willpower and I could see if I was truly growing old or if I could recapture the vigor I had when I was in college. I had several things going for me: I have a wonderful wife who made the same choice I did. We could start buying healthier food and increasing our activity level together. I couldn’t have made this change without her. I have neighbors who wanted to become healthier. We made our own bet to see who could lose the most weight. This added some competitive spirit to my quest. I had a desire to be active when my daughters and son are old enough to participate in sports. I don’t want to be a â€Å"sideline† Dad. I want to run with them, play catch, and teach them the joys of sports. Now I had to decide how to go about making myself healthier. I had always read Men’s Health magazine, and incorporated their tips into my life, but not on any scale to make a difference in my fitness level. I often wished I could be as fit and healthy-looking as the models on those pages, but I didn’t make the effort required. I did find one thing that I could use; The Abs Diet. One of the editors developed a simple new way of eating, incorporating 12 â€Å"power foods† into an everyday eating plan. It isn’t a diet per se, but rather a way to eat healthier foods to encourage weight loss and muscle building. I bought and read the book, and began to apply the principles to my diet. One of the core principles is eating more often during the day. I had become accustomed to eating three large meals, and maybe a snack before bed. I began to eat more often, with three main meals and three substantial in-between snacks. I cut way back on the fatty and sugary junk and began to make healthier choices, including lean meats, plenty of fruits and vegetables, and whole grains: foods that are recommended by the Abs Diet as â€Å"power foods†. I had to force myself to eat that often, but it helped to raise my metabolic rate. After a while, I felt like I had more energy, and I sensed that my body was burning this food constantly, rather than resting to digest a large meal. I realized, however, that diet would only be one component to meeting my goals. I needed to increase my activity level and begin exercising. Several years ago, I bought my wife a treadmill so she could shed the weight from her second pregnancy. I decided that I would incorporate it into my fitness plan. I also knew I wanted to build muscle mass as part of my fitness regimen. That meant weightlifting. Luckily, there was a gym right around the corner that I could join. Now I had the pieces in place to begin my lifestyle change: Motivation Diet Exercise Now I just had to find a way to fit everything into my schedule. Eating better was easy. I was already eating, so I just began to follow my diet. Exercising was a little more troublesome. I didn’t want to give up a lot of family time. I have a fairly long commute, and I don’t spend enough time with my kids as it is. I decided to start getting up early to get on the treadmill. I now awaken  ½ hour early to run for 25 minutes at least five times a week. I like to try to run every day before I come to the office. The early morning exercise helps me wake up, and I am more alert those days. I also feel like I am jump-starting my body to burn fat and build muscle during the day. I still wanted to work with weights, so I try to hit the gym at least twice a week. During the first few months of my program, I wanted to burn fat as efficiently as possible. I found that experts recommend circuit training as a fast, effective workout for fat loss. When I get to the gym, I try to do two abs circuits and two full-body circuits, with minimal rest between sets. I am strength training, but the circuits feel like high-intensity cardio workouts. I always feel tired after a workout, but more satisfying is the feeling of accomplishment. I also try to incorporate exercise in my life where I didn’t before. I joined a softball team, which plays once a week. I play outdoors more with my kids. I also do a â€Å"TV† workout. Whenever I’m watching television at night, I do a set of push-ups or crunches at every commercial break. Before I know it I’ve done 100-200 push-ups without a whole lot of effort. I’m not where I want to be yet, not by a long shot. Over the next year, my goals are to get down to single digits in body fat, put on another 10 pounds of muscle, and look good when my wife and I go on a cruise this spring. I’m going to start doing more strength and muscle-building lifts at the gym, although I’ll probably continue to do a circuit a few times a month. I want to continue to run before work, since it not only positively affects my body, but also my mind. I want to continue to eat healthy foods, so the exercise I get will have the proper effect on my body. Most of all, I want to enjoy my life as much as I can, for as long as I can. I want to be there for my wife, my kids, my grand-kids, and my great-grand-kids. There are plenty of things I can’t control in my life, but I can continue to decide, every day, that I want to lead a healthy lifestyle. There’s the motivation, so now all I have to do is actually do it†¦. Every day. Research Papers on All About Bodies Body Transformation - Contest EssayGenetic EngineeringBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Spring and AutumnQuebec and Canada

Networking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Networking - Assignment Example mentioned as follows: Advantages of a Local Area Network File Sharing Files can be sent from one computer on a network to any other computer connected in the same network. There is no longer any need to copy data on a piece of paper and then type it again into the other computer system, neither is there any need to copy the data on a retractable flash drive and then physically bring the flash drive to the second system to transfer the file to it. All these methods of file transfer become obsolete once LAN enables file transferring. Another basic method via which file sharing becomes really handy is when data is being stored and arranged on one system (in this scenario Sally’s Computer system), but is needed for reference at another computer within the premises (John’s Computer System). Transferring of files over the network enable timely data management and significantly reduce the chance of data entry and manipulating errors. Streaming of Media Transferring of digital media such as image files, digital videos or audio files becomes very easy within a network. This becomes particularly handy when a main set of big LCD screen or High Fi speakers are connected to one main central room and a file from any computer over the network can be sent to it and played. With particular reference to the current business of photography the image files photographed by John can be managed across the network and can even by displayed via one central projector if required. Internet Connection Sharing A single broadband internet connection can be shared over the Local Area Network. This means that all the computers connected to a network can get connected to the internet via a single connection only and separate internet connections are not required for each one of them. This way,... This paper approves that a single computer system is designated as a server in the network of computers. It is the computer system from where the administrator monitors the overall activities of the network. This computer system is just as vulnerable to fault as is any other computer system over the network. However if any fault does occur in this system, the entire network gets affected by it. Sometimes, if the fault is severe, the entire network may come to a halt because of it. For networks containing larger number of nodes it is often a good practice to made redundant systems supportive of critical network services. Wireless Networking is the most trending phenomenon in the world of networks nowadays. Instead of having physically linked computers as its nodes a wireless network connects computing devices to itself using radio waves which are as low as the frequency of the harmless microwaves. This report makes a conclusion that computing Devices are being equipped with the ability to get connected to a wireless network nowadays. If a wireless network is installed more and more computing devices can get connected to it. This would eliminate the necessity of each device getting connected to the network only via network cables. Wireless networks are easily scalable. Unlike the LAN they do not need to be equipped with more hardware cables and infrastructure setup in order to cope up with increasing area requirements. For wireless networks only the installation of access points at farther locations is required and thus expands the range of the wireless network. The need for embedding specific installations and applications is addressed flexibly by wireless networks as their configurations can easily be changed as and when require.

New Turkish Cinema Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7750 words

New Turkish Cinema - Dissertation Example This dissertation discusses the New Turkish Cinema, that is much more than a resurrection of the Turkish film industry after a long dark period. The New Turkish Cinema is also an era of greater creative freedom as a result of the relaxation of Turkey’s censorship laws. The long dark period also provided the New Turkish Cinema filmmakers with a dearth of political and social material from which to work with once the film renaissance begun in the 1990s. As demonstrated throughout this dissertation, the New Turkish Cinema did not hesitate to exploit these experiences of the Turks once film production escalated again in the 1990s. The New Turkish Cinema offers a rare and instructive inspection of the experiences of Turkey’s ordinary and traditionally oppressed citizens in both contemporary Turkey and during the politically and socially turbulent times of the dark ages of Turkey’s film industry. Thus as Turkey itself breaks from tradition in terms of political and dis course, so does Turkey’s film industry. For the most part, the political explorations of the New Turkish Cinema are reproducing the experiences of the politically oppressed. As demonstrated in this dissertation, audiences have seen first-hand the realities of the objectification of women in a largely patriarchal society. Audiences have also seen first-hand the experiences of the official discriminatory policies against the Armenians, the Greeks and other non-Muslim identities. In the final analysis, the New Turkish Cinema can be described as a new Turkish reality.

Organizational culture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

Organizational culture - Dissertation Example The research also studied the past researches and studies on the subject. According to one study of global consulting firm, KPMG ( can be accessed at:http://www.imaa-institute.org/docs/m&a/kpmg_01_Unlocking%20Shareholder%20Value%20-%20The%20Keys%20to%20Success.pdf) (what is a KPMG Study?), 83% of all mergers and acquisitions failed to create shareholder value and 50% of them actually ended up destroying shareholder value. The majority of these mergers and acquisitions failed because of cultural and people differences. Kraft paid a very good price for the acquisition of Cadbury. It didn’t overpay and considering the worth of the Cadbury brand in its portfolio, it can be said that the deal was a very good bargain for Kraft. Kraft also believes that it will realize synergies or cost savings of $ 675 million annually by the end of the third year. It also wanted Cadbury because of its high market share in the high growth markets of emerging economies like India and Latin America. C adbury enjoys a strong presence in these markets because it entered these markets much before they started emerging. It enjoys a kind of first mover advantage in markets like India. (expand on this). According to the Boston Consulting Group Matrix analysis, Cadbury is a star in emerging markets like India and Latin America i.e. it has a high market share in a market that has a very high growth rate. The likelihood that this acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft will succeed is high. This likelihood will, however, depend on the ability of Kraft to achieve the most important critical factor of success which is the successful integration of the organizational culture of the two companies. The Human Resources... Kraft paid a very good price for the acquisition of Cadbury. It didn’t overpay and considering the worth of the Cadbury brand in its portfolio, it can be said that the deal was a very good bargain for Kraft.Kraft also believes that it will realize synergies or cost savings of $ 675 million annually by the end of the third year. It also wanted Cadbury because of its high market share in the high growth markets of emerging economies like India and Latin America. Cadbury enjoys a strong presence in these markets because it entered these markets much before they started emerging. It enjoys a kind of first mover advantage in markets like India. According to the Boston Consulting Group Matrix analysis, Cadbury is a star in emerging markets like India and Latin America.The likelihood that this acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft will succeed is high. This likelihood will, however, depend on the ability of Kraft to achieve the most important critical factor of success which is the success ful integration of the organizational culture of the two companies. The Human Resources Management will play a very critical role in this.As has been already recommended, the strategy of the management and Human Resources management should create such conditions where the two much different cultures of Cadbury and Kraft can productively coexist. Cadbury has a very strong organizational culture of its own. Any attempt by Kraft to impose its culture on this organizational culture of Cadbury may have disastrous results.